Charged particle

A charged particle has a nonzero electric charge, giving it electromagnetic interactions with other charged particles and fields. Electrons, protons, and ions are common examples.

Lorentz force: The force on an electrically charged particle moving through electric and magnetic fields. It combines electric and magnetic effects into the rule governing a particle’s motion.
Electric charge: A fundamental property of matter that determines its electromagnetic interactions. It is the property that makes a particle charged.
Particle accelerator: A device that uses electromagnetic fields to accelerate charged particles to high energies. Accelerators control particle motion to probe matter or produce useful beams.
Plasma: A state of matter containing enough free charged particles to exhibit collective electromagnetic behavior. Large populations of charged particles make plasma behave differently from neutral gases.
Neutral particle: A particle with zero net electric charge. Unlike charged particles, it experiences no direct electric force in a uniform field.
Electric field: A vector field that describes the electric force per unit positive charge at each point. It accelerates charged particles according to their charge and the field direction.
Elementary particle: A particle not known to consist of smaller constituents. Electrons are elementary charged particles, while protons are composite.
Mass spectrometry: An analytical technique that separates ions by their mass-to-charge ratios and measures their abundance. It identifies substances by manipulating and detecting charged ions.
Aurora: A natural light display produced when energetic particles excite gases in a planetary atmosphere. Magnetically guided charged particles trigger the atmospheric emissions.
Neutron: A neutral composite particle found in atomic nuclei. It contrasts with the proton despite sharing the nucleus and similar mass.

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