Knowra Charles II of England Charles II of England Charles II was king of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1660 until his death in 1685. His restoration ended the republic established after the execution of his father, Charles I.
English Civil War : A series of armed conflicts from 1642 to 1651 between supporters of the English Crown and Parliament. The wars overthrew the monarchy Charles inherited and shaped his years in exile.
Convention Parliament : The English Parliament elected in 1660 that invited Charles II to return and recognized him as king. It gave the restoration parliamentary authority without being summoned by a monarch.
James II of England : Charles II’s younger brother, who succeeded him as king of England, Scotland, and Ireland in 1685. His Catholicism drove the Exclusion Crisis and defined the succession Charles defended.
Treaty of Dover : A secret 1670 agreement between Charles II and Louis XIV of France on alliance, subsidies, and Charles’s pledge to declare himself Catholic. It reveals the diplomatic and religious pressures behind Charles’s foreign policy.
Royal touch : A ritual in which monarchs touched people believed to suffer from scrofula, seeking to heal them through royal power. Charles revived the ceremony, linking his restored kingship to sacred healing traditions.
Charles I of England : King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1625 until his execution in 1649. His execution made the restoration of his son a central political question.
Cavalier Parliament : The English Parliament that sat from 1661 to 1679 and strongly supported the restored monarchy and Anglican Church. It enacted much of the religious settlement during Charles’s reign.
Catherine of Braganza : Portuguese princess who married Charles II in 1662 and was queen consort of England, Scotland, and Ireland. Her marriage brought Portugal’s alliance and a dowry to Charles’s monarchy.
Third Anglo-Dutch War : A naval war fought by England and France against the Dutch Republic from 1672 to 1674. Charles’s alliance with France drew England into an unpopular and costly conflict.
Restoration literature : English writing produced after the monarchy’s restoration in 1660, including drama, poetry, and prose. The restored court shaped a distinctive literary culture associated with Charles’s reign.
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