Charles VII of France

King of France from 1422 to 1461, Charles VII strengthened royal authority and secured the French recovery that ended the Hundred Years’ War.

Hundred Years’ War: A series of conflicts between the crowns of England and France from 1337 to 1453. Charles’s reign turned the war toward France’s eventual victory.
Ordonnance of Orléans: A 1439 French royal ordinance that restricted private armies and strengthened the crown’s control over military levies. It helped establish royal control over armed force.
Joan of Arc: A French military leader who helped lift the siege of Orléans and escorted Charles VII to his coronation at Reims in 1429. Her victories and support helped establish Charles’s legitimacy.
Charles VI of France: King of France from 1380 to 1422, whose intermittent mental illness destabilized royal government. His death left Charles VII’s succession contested.
Siege of Orléans: An English siege of the French city of Orléans from 1428 to 1429, broken by a French relief campaign. Its relief marked a major reversal for Charles’s forces.
Battle of Castillon: A 1453 battle in which French forces defeated an English army near Castillon in southwestern France. This victory ended major English military control in France.
Compagnie d’ordonnance: A permanent company of mounted troops created under Charles VII’s military reforms. These companies made royal military service more organized and continuous.
Isabeau of Bavaria: Queen consort of France and wife of Charles VI, associated with the 1420 Treaty of Troyes. The treaty associated with her excluded Charles from the French succession.
Treaty of Troyes: A 1420 agreement recognizing Henry V of England and his heirs as successors to Charles VI’s French throne. It formally denied Charles the succession claimed by his birth.
Coronation of Charles VII at Reims: The 1429 coronation of Charles VII in Reims Cathedral, following the campaign led by Joan of Arc. The ceremony strengthened his claim to the French crown.

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