Knowra Chavismo Chavismo Chavismo is a Venezuelan political movement and ideology inspired by Hugo Chávez, combining Bolivarian nationalism, social programs, and state-led economic policy.
Hugo Chávez : Venezuelan military officer and politician who served as president from 1999 to 2013. His leadership and rhetoric supplied the movement’s central symbols and political program.
Misiones Bolivarianas : Social programs established under Hugo Chávez to provide services such as healthcare, education, and food assistance. They made social provision a visible and direct instrument of Chavista governance.
Nicolás Maduro : Venezuelan politician who succeeded Hugo Chávez as president in 2013. Maduro has led the movement through economic crisis and intensified political conflict.
Democratic socialism : A political tradition seeking socialist economic arrangements through democratic institutions and political pluralism. Chavismo shares egalitarian aims with this tradition but is debated over its democratic practice.
Venezuelan crisis : Venezuela’s prolonged political, economic, and humanitarian crisis, especially acute since the 2010s. The crisis has intensified disputes over Chavista governance and its economic legacy.
Bolivarian Revolution : The political and social transformation launched under Hugo Chávez after his election as Venezuela’s president in 1998. This governing project gave Chavismo its name, institutions, and reform agenda.
Petróleos de Venezuela : Venezuela’s state-owned oil and natural gas company, commonly known as PDVSA. Oil revenues routed through the state financed much of Chávez’s social spending.
Diosdado Cabello : Venezuelan politician and former military officer who became a senior figure in the ruling movement. His influence illustrates the role of party and military networks within Chavismo.
Liberal democracy : A political system combining elections with civil liberties, legal limits on power, and institutional checks. Disputes over checks and political competition distinguish critics’ accounts of Chavismo from its democratic claims.
Venezuelan migration and refugee crisis : The large-scale movement of Venezuelans abroad amid the country’s political and economic crisis. Mass emigration is one of the crisis’s most visible consequences under Chavista rule.
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