Chemical potential

Chemical potential is the change in a system’s thermodynamic potential per added amount of a chemical species, with other relevant variables held constant. It governs matter transfer and chemical equilibrium.

Gibbs free energy: A thermodynamic potential that measures the maximum non-expansion work available at constant temperature and pressure. At fixed temperature and pressure, chemical potential is the Gibbs free-energy change per amount added.
Thermodynamic potential: A state function used to describe equilibrium and available work under specified constraints. Chemical potential is defined as a derivative of a thermodynamic potential.
Phase equilibrium: A condition in which coexisting phases have no net transfer of matter or energy between them. A species has equal chemical potential in every phase at equilibrium.
Chemical activity: An effective concentration that accounts for nonideal interactions in a chemical system. Activity is the composition variable used inside chemical-potential expressions.
Partial molar property: The change in an extensive mixture property when a component’s amount changes, with other amounts and conditions fixed. Chemical potential is the partial molar Gibbs free energy.
Gibbs–Duhem equation: A thermodynamic relation restricting changes in component chemical potentials at fixed temperature and pressure. It shows that mixture chemical potentials cannot vary independently.
Raoult's law: An ideal-solution relation connecting a component’s vapor pressure to its liquid-phase mole fraction. It follows from matching solvent chemical potentials between ideal liquid and vapor phases.
Concentration: The amount of a substance in a specified volume or amount of mixture. Concentration alone can mispredict transfer when interactions make the system nonideal.
Chemical equilibrium: A state in which a chemical reaction has no net progress because forward and reverse rates balance. Equilibrium requires the stoichiometric sum of chemical potentials to vanish.
Ensemble (statistical mechanics): A probability distribution over possible microscopic states under specified macroscopic constraints. Ensembles connect chemical potential to the statistical weight of adding particles.

Linked from 101 pages