Chicano Movement

The Chicano Movement was a civil-rights and cultural movement advocating Mexican American equality and self-determination, especially during the 1960s and 1970s.

East Los Angeles Walkouts: A 1968 student strike in East Los Angeles demanding better conditions and equal treatment in public schools. Students made educational inequality a highly visible movement issue.
César Chávez: A Mexican American labor leader who co-founded the United Farm Workers and organized farmworker campaigns. His union leadership brought national attention to farmworker organizing.
Student walkout: A coordinated refusal by students to attend classes, used to protest school policies or conditions. Walkouts disrupted school routines to press demands for educational equality.
Mexican American civil rights movement: A broad struggle for equal rights and political inclusion among people of Mexican descent in the United States. The Chicano Movement grew from and reshaped this longer civil-rights struggle.
Hispanic Heritage Month: A United States observance recognizing the histories and cultures of Hispanic and Latino communities from September 15 to October 15. Movement-era advocacy helped expand public recognition of Mexican American and Latino histories.
United Farm Workers: A labor union founded by Mexican American and Filipino American farmworkers to organize agricultural workers. Its strikes and boycotts linked labor rights to Mexican American political organizing.
Dolores Huerta: A labor organizer who co-founded the United Farm Workers and helped lead its negotiations and campaigns. Her organizing and bargaining shaped the movement’s labor strategy.
Boycott: A collective refusal to buy from or work with an organization to pressure it to change. Consumer boycotts gave farmworker campaigns leverage beyond the fields.
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo: The 1848 treaty that ended the Mexican-American War and transferred a vast territory to the United States. Its promises and aftermath figured in activism over land, citizenship, and Mexican American rights.
Bilingual education: Educational instruction that uses two languages, often to support learning while students develop proficiency in a second language. School campaigns challenged English-only practices and pressed for culturally responsive education.

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