Knowra Child mortality Child mortality Child mortality is the death of children before a specified age, commonly measured as deaths before age five. Its rates summarize risks shaped by health, living conditions, and access to care.
Neonatal mortality : The death of a live-born infant during the first 28 days of life. Deaths in the first month make up a large share of under-five mortality.
Infant mortality rate : The number of deaths before a child's first birthday per 1,000 live births in a given period. This widely reported indicator isolates deaths during the first year.
Historical demography : The study of past populations using records of births, deaths, migration, and family structure. It reconstructs child mortality where modern vital statistics do not exist.
Orphan : A child whose parent or parents have died. A parent's death can leave children without care and increase their vulnerability.
Stillbirth : The birth of a baby showing no signs of life after a defined stage of pregnancy. Stillbirths occur before live birth and are generally excluded from child mortality rates.
Under-five mortality rate : The probability that a live-born child dies before reaching age five, expressed per 1,000 live births. This is the standard measure behind many comparisons of child mortality.
Child mortality rate : A population measure of deaths among children within a specified age range and period. It provides a rate-based way to compare risks across populations.
John Graunt : An English statistician whose 1662 analysis of London bills of mortality helped establish demographic statistics. His work analyzed deaths by age and helped make mortality measurable.
Maternal mortality : The death of a woman during pregnancy, childbirth, or within a defined period after pregnancy ends. Maternal and child survival are linked through pregnancy, birth, and household care.
Life expectancy : The average number of years a person is expected to live under a specified mortality schedule. It summarizes mortality across ages rather than focusing on childhood.
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