Chinese Buddhism

Chinese Buddhism comprises traditions that developed in China by interpreting Buddhist teachings through Chinese intellectual, religious, and cultural frameworks.

Buddhism: A religious and philosophical tradition originating in ancient India, centered on the teachings attributed to the Buddha. Chinese Buddhism developed within this wider tradition while reshaping its teachings for Chinese contexts.
Tiantai: A Chinese Buddhist school known for its comprehensive doctrinal system and its interpretation of the Lotus Sutra. Tiantai organized diverse Buddhist teachings into a hierarchy centered on the Lotus Sutra.
Buddhism on the Silk Road: The movement of Buddhist teachings, texts, and communities across the trade routes linking Central Asia and China. Silk Road networks carried Buddhist texts and teachers into China.
Bodhidharma: A Buddhist monk traditionally regarded as an early patriarch of Chinese Chan Buddhism. Chan lineage traditions connect their beginnings in China with Bodhidharma.
Buddhism in Korea: The traditions and institutions of Buddhism established and developed on the Korean peninsula. Korean Buddhism received teachings and institutions through sustained contact with China.
Chinese Buddhist canon: The body of Buddhist scriptures translated into Chinese and transmitted in East Asia. Its translations supplied the shared textual foundation for Chinese Buddhist schools.
Huayan: A Chinese Buddhist school whose philosophy emphasizes the mutual interpenetration of all phenomena. Huayan gave a distinctive Chinese formulation to the interdependence of reality.
Kumārajīva: A fourth- and fifth-century Buddhist monk and translator whose Chinese translations became foundational texts. His translations helped establish fluent Chinese formulations of major Mahayana works.
Zhiyi: A sixth-century Chinese Buddhist teacher who systematized the doctrines and practices of the Tiantai school. His writings established Tiantai as a major Chinese Buddhist tradition.
Buddhism in Japan: The traditions and institutions of Buddhism established and developed in Japan. Chinese Buddhist texts, schools, and ritual models strongly influenced Japanese Buddhism.

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