Chinese Communist Party

The Chinese Communist Party is the ruling political party of the People’s Republic of China. Founded in 1921, it governs through a party-state system and is also called the Communist Party of China.

Party-state: A political system in which a ruling party directs state institutions and public administration. The CCP exercises authority through the institutions of the Chinese party-state.
Chinese Communist Party founding congress: The 1921 meeting in Shanghai and Jiaxing that established the Chinese Communist Party. The congress marks the party’s formal beginning.
Mao Zedong: A Chinese Communist revolutionary who led the party and the People’s Republic of China from 1949 until 1976. Mao shaped the CCP’s revolutionary doctrine and its first decades in power.
Great Leap Forward: A campaign launched in 1958 to accelerate China’s industrialization and collectivize agriculture, followed by catastrophic famine. The campaign shows the human cost of policy driven by party mobilization and Mao-era targets.
Democratic centralism: An organizational principle combining internal party discussion with binding decisions and centralized discipline. The CCP uses this principle to reconcile internal deliberation with unified public action.
National People's Congress: China’s national legislature, constitutionally the country’s highest organ of state power. The CCP controls the legislature through its dominance of political appointments and representation.
May Fourth Movement: A 1919 Chinese student-led protest movement that fueled anti-imperialist and political reform currents. Its radical intellectual climate helped shape the party’s early milieu.
Deng Xiaoping: A Chinese Communist leader who initiated market-oriented reforms and opening after Mao’s death. Deng redirected party policy while preserving its monopoly on political power.
Cultural Revolution: A mass political campaign from 1966 to 1976 that Mao launched to purge rivals and reshape Chinese society. The campaign destabilized party institutions and left enduring marks on Chinese politics.
Marxism-Leninism: A political ideology combining Marxist class analysis with Leninist organization and revolutionary strategy. It supplies the CCP’s foundational ideological vocabulary, adapted to Chinese conditions.

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