Chinese Communist Revolution

The Chinese Communist Revolution was the political and military struggle in which the Chinese Communist Party defeated the Nationalists and founded the People’s Republic of China in 1949.

Chinese Civil War: A conflict between the Chinese Communist Party and the Kuomintang that lasted, with interruptions, from 1927 to 1949. The revolution’s decisive military phase was the civil war’s final resumption after Japan’s defeat.
Xinhai Revolution: The 1911 revolution that ended China’s Qing dynasty and established a republic. The republic’s instability created the political setting for later Communist and Nationalist movements.
Mao Zedong: A Chinese Communist leader who headed the party and the People’s Republic from its founding until 1976. Mao led the party through victory and proclaimed the new republic.
People’s Republic of China: The state established on mainland China in 1949 and governed by the Chinese Communist Party. Its founding on 1 October 1949 formally marked the revolution’s political victory.
Land reform in China: The redistribution of land from landlords to peasants through state-directed campaigns in China. Communist land policies helped secure rural support while coercively transforming village life.
May Fourth Movement: A 1919 political and cultural movement in China that protested imperialism and promoted national renewal. Its radical debates helped shape the generation from which Chinese Communism grew.
Chiang Kai-shek: A Chinese Nationalist leader who headed the Republic of China government and opposed the Communists. His government’s defeat ended Nationalist rule on the mainland.
Republic of China retreat to Taiwan: The relocation of the Republic of China government to Taiwan after Nationalist defeat on the mainland in 1949. The retreat left rival governments claiming to represent China.
Chinese Red Army: The military force organized by the Chinese Communist Party, later renamed the People’s Liberation Army. Its survival and expansion gave the party an army capable of defeating Nationalist forces.
Chinese Communist Party: A political party founded in China in 1921 that established the People’s Republic in 1949. The party organized the movement that became the revolution’s victorious side.

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