Chlorate

Chlorate is the polyatomic anion ClO₃⁻, with chlorine in the +5 oxidation state, and the name of salts containing this ion.

Chlorine oxyanion: A negatively charged polyatomic ion composed of chlorine and oxygen. Chlorate is one member of the chlorine oxyanion family.
Chloric acid: The strong oxoacid HClO₃, whose conjugate base is chlorate. Chlorate forms when chloric acid loses a proton.
Sodium chlorate: The ionic compound NaClO₃, a widely produced chlorate salt and strong oxidizer. It is the principal industrial chlorate and a feedstock for chlorine dioxide.
Chlorite: The chlorine oxyanion ClO₂⁻, in which chlorine has oxidation state +3. Chlorite has one fewer oxygen atom and a lower chlorine oxidation state.
Oxidation state: A formal accounting value describing an atom’s electron distribution in a compound or ion. Chlorine has oxidation state +5 in ClO₃⁻.
Acid–base reaction: A reaction involving proton transfer between an acid and a base. Proton transfer interconverts chloric acid and chlorate.
Potassium chlorate: The ionic compound KClO₃, a strong oxidizer used in matches and laboratory demonstrations. Its oxygen-releasing decomposition illustrates chlorate’s oxidizing behavior.
Perchlorate: The chlorine oxyanion ClO₄⁻, in which chlorine has oxidation state +7. Perchlorate has one more oxygen atom and chlorine at its highest common oxyanion oxidation state.
Polyatomic ion: A charged group of covalently bonded atoms that behaves as a unit in chemical reactions. Chlorate’s three oxygen atoms and chlorine form one persistent charged unit.
Chlorate reduction: The chemical reduction of chlorate to lower-oxidation-state chlorine products. Reduction changes chlorine’s +5 state and often consumes chlorate’s oxidizing capacity.

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