Chloride

Chloride is the negatively charged chlorine ion, Cl⁻, or a compound containing that ion. It is common in salts and essential to fluid balance and electrical signaling in living organisms.

Chlorine: Chlorine is a chemical element with atomic number 17, found as a reactive halogen and in chloride compounds. Chloride forms when a chlorine atom gains one electron.
Chloride channel: A chloride channel is a membrane protein that allows chloride ions to cross a biological membrane. These channels control chloride movement across cell membranes.
Chloride homeostasis: Chloride homeostasis is the regulation of chloride concentrations in body fluids and tissues. Organisms regulate chloride to maintain fluid balance and cell function.
Hypochlorite: Hypochlorite is the polyatomic ion ClO⁻, used in bleach and some disinfectants. Hypochlorite contains oxygen and has disinfecting chemistry unlike chloride.
Ionic bond: An ionic bond is the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions. Chloride commonly bonds ionically with positively charged atoms.
CFTR: CFTR is an epithelial membrane protein that conducts chloride and bicarbonate ions and regulates other ion channels. Its chloride transport is disrupted in cystic fibrosis.
Cystic fibrosis: Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disorder caused by pathogenic variants in CFTR, affecting salt and water transport in tissues. Defective chloride transport contributes to thick mucus in the disease.
Chlorate: Chlorate is the polyatomic ion ClO₃⁻, in which chlorine is bonded to three oxygen atoms. Its composition and chemical behavior differ from those of chloride.
Anion: An anion is an atom or molecule with a net negative electric charge. Chloride is a monatomic anion with a single negative charge.
Chloride shift: The chloride shift is the exchange of bicarbonate and chloride across red blood cell membranes during carbon dioxide transport. It links chloride movement to carbon dioxide carriage in blood.

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