Chloroauric acid

Chloroauric acid is the inorganic compound HAuCl₄, composed of hydrogen ions and tetrachloroaurate ions. It is commonly encountered as a hydrate and serves as a soluble source of gold(III).

Tetrachloroaurate: The anion [AuCl₄]⁻, in which a gold(III) center is coordinated by four chloride ions. This anion is the defining gold-containing species in chloroauric acid.
Hydrogen ion: A positively charged hydrogen species; in water it exists chiefly as hydrated forms such as hydronium. It balances the negative charge of tetrachloroaurate in the compound’s formula.
Gold nanoparticle synthesis: Methods for producing nanoscale particles of metallic gold from chemical precursors. Chloroauric acid is reduced to form gold nanoparticles in common synthesis routes.
Sodium tetrachloroaurate: An ionic gold(III) compound containing sodium cations and tetrachloroaurate anions. It shares the gold-containing anion but replaces chloroauric acid’s hydrogen ion with sodium.
Gold(III) chloride: An inorganic gold compound with gold in the +3 oxidation state and chloride as its counterion. It forms tetrachloroaurate ions in chloride-rich solutions.
Chloride: The negatively charged ion Cl⁻, formed when a chlorine atom gains an electron. Chloride ligands surround gold in the tetrachloroaurate ion.
Gold plating: The application of a thin gold layer to another material, usually by electrochemical or chemical deposition. Its soluble gold(III) content makes chloroauric acid useful in some plating solutions.
Gold(I) chloride: A gold chloride in which gold has the +1 oxidation state. Its lower gold oxidation state contrasts with the +3 state in chloroauric acid.
Gold(III) reduction: The conversion of gold in the +3 oxidation state to a lower oxidation state, often metallic gold. Reducing chloroauric acid solutions can produce gold metal or gold nanoparticles.
Coordination complex: A chemical species with a central metal atom or ion bonded to surrounding ligands. Tetrachloroaurate is a coordination complex with gold at its center.

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