Christian philosophy

Christian philosophy is philosophical inquiry shaped by Christian beliefs, texts, and traditions. It examines questions about God, creation, knowledge, morality, and human nature.

Christian theology: The systematic study of God and religious belief within Christian traditions. It shares Christian sources with philosophy but develops them through distinct theological methods.
Augustine of Hippo: A late-antique Christian bishop and philosopher whose works shaped Western theology and philosophy. His accounts of evil, time, memory, and faith became foundational Christian philosophical resources.
Five Ways: Five arguments for God's existence presented by Thomas Aquinas in the Summa Theologiae. They illustrate Aquinas's use of motion, causation, contingency, degrees, and purpose.
Atheism: The absence of belief in gods or the belief that no gods exist. It rejects or withholds the theistic commitments that shape Christian philosophy.
Natural law: The view that moral principles are grounded in human nature and accessible through reason. Christian natural-law traditions connect moral reasoning to creation and an intelligible divine order.
Natural theology: The attempt to establish claims about God through reason and observation rather than revelation alone. It shows how philosophical reasoning can address God without starting from scripture.
Thomas Aquinas: A medieval theologian and philosopher known for integrating Aristotelian philosophy with Christian doctrine. His synthesis became a major model for reconciling philosophical inquiry with Christian belief.
Ontological argument: An argument for God's existence that reasons from the concept or nature of God. Anselm's version is a prominent example of Christian philosophy using conceptual analysis.
Deism: The view that a creator exists but does not intervene in the world through revelation or miracles. It contrasts with Christian claims about incarnation, revelation, and providence.
Scholasticism: A medieval method of learning that used structured argument and commentary to reconcile authorities and investigate questions. It provided the institutional method through which much medieval Christian philosophy developed.

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