Chromic acid

Chromic acid is an inorganic oxoacid of chromium(VI), commonly represented as H₂CrO₄. In water, it exists in equilibria with hydrogen chromate, dichromate, and related species.

Chromium trioxide: Chromium trioxide is a red crystalline chromium(VI) oxide that forms chromic acid species when dissolved in water. Dissolving this oxide is a common way to prepare aqueous chromic acid.
Jones oxidation: Jones oxidation uses chromium(VI) reagents in aqueous sulfuric acid to oxidize alcohols. Chromic acid generated in the reagent oxidizes primary and secondary alcohols.
Hexavalent chromium: Hexavalent chromium is chromium in the +6 oxidation state, present in chromates, dichromates, and related compounds. Chromic acid belongs to this hazardous oxidation-state family.
Chromium(III) oxide: Chromium(III) oxide is the green, water-insoluble oxide of chromium in the +3 oxidation state. It contrasts with chromium(VI) oxide, which produces chromic acid species in water.
Hydrogen chromate: Hydrogen chromate is the HCrO₄⁻ ion, formed when chromic acid loses a proton. It is a principal conjugate base in chromic acid’s first dissociation.
Chromic acid anodizing: Chromic acid anodizing is an electrochemical treatment that forms a protective oxide layer on aluminum. The acid serves as the electrolyte in this aluminum surface treatment.
Chromium(VI) toxicity: Chromium(VI) toxicity is the harmful effect of exposure to soluble or particulate hexavalent chromium compounds. Exposure to chromic acid can cause severe tissue injury and systemic harm.
Chromous acid: Chromous acid is a proposed aqueous oxoacid of chromium in the +2 oxidation state, unlike stable, well-characterized chromium(VI) oxoacids. Its lower oxidation state contrasts with chromic acid’s chromium(VI).
Dichromate: Dichromate is the Cr₂O₇²⁻ ion, a chromium(VI) oxoanion favored in acidic solutions. Acidic conditions shift chromate species toward this dimeric ion.
Chromic acid cleaning: Chromic acid cleaning removes organic residues from laboratory glassware through strong oxidation. This traditional cleaning use relies on chromic acid’s ability to oxidize contaminants.

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