Chu–Han Contention

The civil war fought from 206 to 202 BCE between Liu Bang and Xiang Yu for control of China after the Qin dynasty fell. Liu Bang’s victory founded the Han dynasty.

Battle of Gaixia: The 202 BCE battle in which Liu Bang’s forces defeated Xiang Yu’s army and ended the Chu–Han Contention. The final defeat that left Xiang Yu surrounded and ended organized resistance to Liu Bang.
Qin dynasty: The dynasty that unified China in 221 BCE and fell in 206 BCE after widespread rebellion. Its collapse created the power vacuum in which Liu Bang and Xiang Yu competed.
Liu Bang: A rebel leader who defeated Xiang Yu, founded the Han dynasty, and ruled as Emperor Gaozu. His coalition-building and eventual victory made him the war’s central victor.
Han dynasty: A Chinese imperial dynasty founded by Liu Bang in 202 BCE that ruled, with an interruption, until 220 CE. Its founding was the direct political result of Liu Bang’s victory.
Qin legalism: A governing approach associated with Qin that emphasized centralized authority, law, and strict penalties. The Han regime moderated some Qin practices after the coercive order whose collapse began the war.
Hongmen Banquet: A 206 BCE feast at which Xiang Yu’s faction considered killing Liu Bang, who escaped with the help of allies. The failed attempt to eliminate Liu Bang early exposed the rivalry that became civil war.
Dazexiang Uprising: A 209 BCE revolt against Qin rule led by Chen Sheng and Wu Guang, among the first major uprisings against the dynasty. The revolt helped ignite the rebellion that ultimately brought down Qin authority.
Xiang Yu: A Chu commander renowned for battlefield strength who lost the struggle for China to Liu Bang. His military successes could not overcome the alliances and resources Liu Bang assembled.
Emperor Gaozu of Han: The posthumous temple title of Liu Bang, founder and first emperor of the Han dynasty. The victor’s transformation from rebel leader into emperor established the new regime.
Chu-Han chess: A traditional Chinese chess variant whose board marks opposing Chu and Han territories. The game turns the historical rivalry into a stylized contest of generals and strategy.

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