CIEDE2000

The CIE's 2001 color-difference formula, computing perceptual distance between two colors from their Lab coordinates with correction terms for lightness, chroma, and hue.

CIELAB color space: A perceptually structured color space with coordinates for lightness and opponent red-green and yellow-blue axes. CIEDE2000 takes two Lab triples as its input and refines the raw Euclidean distance between them.
CIE: The International Commission on Illumination, the body that standardizes colorimetry worldwide. The CIE published CIEDE2000 as its official recommended color-difference formula in 2001.
CIE76 color-difference formula: The original 1976 color-difference formula: plain Euclidean distance between two CIELAB coordinates. CIE76 remains widely used and is the baseline CIEDE2000 improves upon.
Pass-fail color tolerancing: Industrial quality control that accepts or rejects parts by whether a color difference stays under a limit. CIEDE2000 is the recommended metric for setting perceptually fair acceptance tolerances.
Uniform color space problem: The open problem of building a space where equal coordinate distances mean equal perceived differences. CIEDE2000's complexity shows CIELAB is not uniform, motivating the search for better spaces.
Euclidean distance in color space: The straight-line distance between two color coordinates, used naively as a color-difference measure. CIEDE2000 corrects the failure of plain Lab Euclidean distance to match perceived color differences.
CIE94 color-difference formula: The 1994 CIE color-difference formula, an interim refinement of CIELAB with lightness and chroma weighting. CIEDE2000 was built to repair CIE94's remaining disagreements with visual judgments.
CMC l:c: A 1984 textile-industry color-difference formula with separate lightness and chroma tolerance ratios. CMC l:c handled ellipsoidal tolerances before the CIE's own formulas and remains in textile standards.
Textile dyeing quality control: Shade-matching practice in fabric production, comparing dyed lots against standards. Dye houses use CIEDE2000 or its predecessors to decide whether a batch matches the standard.
Color difference ellipsoid: The ellipsoidal tolerance volume around a standard color within which differences are acceptable. CIEDE2000 encodes fitted ellipsoids that vary in size and orientation across color space.

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