Circuit analysis

Circuit analysis is the use of mathematical methods and circuit laws to determine voltages, currents, power, and other quantities in electrical networks.

Ohm's law: A relation stating that voltage across a conductor equals current through it multiplied by resistance. It relates voltage, current, and resistance for many circuit elements.
Electrical network: An interconnected arrangement of electrical components and conductive paths. Circuit analysis treats the network as the system whose behavior must be determined.
DC circuit: An electrical circuit whose independent sources have constant polarity and do not vary with time. Its steady-state analysis reduces many element relations to algebraic equations.
Modified nodal analysis: A circuit formulation combining node voltages with selected branch currents to handle voltage sources and other constraints. Unlike basic nodal analysis, it accommodates ideal voltage sources systematically.
Kirchhoff's circuit laws: Kirchhoff's current law and voltage law express conservation of charge and energy in electrical networks. They supply the node and loop constraints used to solve circuit equations.
Ideal circuit element: An abstract component model defined by an exact relationship among its terminal voltages and currents. Element models provide the local equations assembled into a circuit solution.
AC circuit: An electrical circuit driven by sources that vary periodically, commonly as sinusoids. Its sinusoidal steady state is analyzed using phasors and complex impedance.
State-space representation: A mathematical description of a dynamic system using first-order equations for state variables and inputs. It emphasizes internal dynamics rather than solving each circuit directly by nodes or loops.
Nodal analysis: A circuit-solving method that uses node voltages and Kirchhoff's current law to form equations. It finds unknown node voltages by applying current conservation at selected nodes.
Resistor: A passive electrical component that opposes current and dissipates electrical energy as heat. Its voltage-current relation is a basic input to resistive circuit calculations.

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