Circumcision

Circumcision is the surgical removal of some or all of the foreskin from the penis. It is performed for medical, cultural, and religious reasons.

Foreskin: The retractable fold of skin covering the glans of the penis. Circumcision removes some or all of this tissue.
Urinary tract infection: An infection affecting structures that carry or store urine. Circumcision in infancy is associated with a lower risk of urinary tract infection.
Ancient Egypt: An ancient civilization of northeastern Africa that flourished along the Nile. Egyptian evidence is among the earliest records associated with circumcision.
Female genital mutilation: Procedures involving partial or total removal of external female genitalia, or other injury, for nonmedical reasons. The practices differ anatomically and medically, despite sometimes being compared in ethical debates.
Neonatal circumcision: Circumcision performed during the newborn period. This is a common timing for the procedure in settings where circumcision is customary.
HIV prevention: Methods intended to reduce the chance of acquiring or transmitting human immunodeficiency virus. Trials in some settings found lower heterosexual HIV acquisition among circumcised men.
Brit milah: The Jewish covenantal circumcision ceremony traditionally performed on a male infant on the eighth day. It gives circumcision a central role in Jewish religious practice.
Dorsal slit: An incision along the upper foreskin that relieves constriction without removing the foreskin. It can address tightness while preserving foreskin tissue.
Local anesthesia: A method of preventing pain in a limited area while a person remains conscious. It is used to reduce pain during circumcision.
Penile cancer: A rare cancer arising in tissues of the penis. Circumcision is associated with reduced risk in some circumstances, including prevention of certain foreskin conditions.

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