Cisplatine War

The 1825–1828 war between the Empire of Brazil and the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata over Cisplatina ended with the province becoming independent Uruguay.

Battle of Ituzaingó: A 1827 battle in which Argentine forces defeated Brazilian troops during the Cisplatine War. The largest land battle showed Brazil could not easily secure its claim by force.
Cisplatina: A Brazilian province corresponding largely to modern Uruguay, annexed by Portugal in 1821 and incorporated into Brazil in 1822. Its contested sovereignty was the war’s immediate subject.
Uruguay: A South American country on the Atlantic coast, bordered by Brazil and Argentina. The independent state emerged from Cisplatina under the 1828 peace settlement.
Pedro I of Brazil: The first emperor of Brazil, reigning from 1822 until his abdication in 1831. He led Brazil during the war and faced mounting costs and opposition at home.
Battle of Juncal: A 1827 naval battle in which a United Provinces flotilla defeated a larger Brazilian squadron on the Uruguay River. The naval defeat weakened Brazil’s ability to control the Río de la Plata waterways.
Artigas's Liga Federal: A confederation of provinces led by José Gervasio Artigas in opposition to centralized rule from Buenos Aires. Its defeat and the Portuguese invasion left Cisplatina under foreign control.
Treaty of Montevideo (1828): The 1828 treaty through which Brazil and the United Provinces recognized Uruguay’s independence. It formalized the outcome of the war and defined the new country’s international status.
Juan Antonio Lavalleja: A Uruguayan revolutionary who led the Thirty-Three Orientals’ 1825 uprising against Brazilian rule. His invasion triggered the chain of events that brought the United Provinces into the war.
Montevideo: The capital and principal port of Uruguay, founded by the Spanish in the eighteenth century. Its occupation and strategic harbor made control of the province central to the war.
Portuguese conquest of the Banda Oriental: The 1816–1820 invasion in which Portugal conquered the Banda Oriental, the territory later called Cisplatina. The conquest established the imperial claim that the United Provinces later challenged.

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