CITES

CITES is an international treaty that regulates trade in listed wild animals and plants through permits and trade controls. It aims to ensure that international trade does not threaten species’ survival.

CITES Appendices: The three CITES lists that assign species different levels of protection from international trade. Appendix placement determines the controls that apply to a listed species.
Wildlife trafficking: The illegal trade or movement of wild animals, plants, or their products. CITES controls are one tool used to prevent illegal cross-border wildlife trade.
International Union for Conservation of Nature: An international organization that brings together governments and civil society to advance nature conservation. IUCN helped develop the proposal that led to the CITES treaty.
Endangered Species Act: A United States law that protects listed species and regulates activities affecting them, including international trade. It implements CITES obligations in the United States alongside domestic protections.
Non-detriment finding: A finding by a CITES Scientific Authority that a proposed export will not harm a species’ survival. Its scientific rigor is central to whether regulated exports remain sustainable.
CITES permit: An official document authorizing a particular international trade in a CITES-listed specimen. Permits document whether a shipment meets the treaty’s trade requirements.
Ivory trade: The commercial exchange of elephant tusks and products made from them. Elephant ivory trade has been subject to CITES restrictions and international disputes.
Washington, D.C.: The capital of the United States and the city where CITES was adopted in 1973. The convention was opened for signature there on 3 March 1973.
European Union Wildlife Trade Regulations: European Union laws that implement and sometimes exceed CITES controls on wildlife trade. They show how a regional legal system can apply stricter trade rules than the treaty requires.
Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing: Fishing that violates rules, goes unreported, or occurs without effective management controls. CITES covers some traded marine species, while this broader problem often falls under fisheries regimes.

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