Civil code

A statute that systematically codifies private law, especially rules governing persons, property, family relations, and obligations.

Private law: The body of law governing relations among private persons and organizations. Civil codes are a principal way jurisdictions organize rules for private relationships.
Corpus Juris Civilis: A sixth-century compilation of Roman law commissioned by Byzantine emperor Justinian I. Its legal materials shaped later European civil-law traditions and codification projects.
Common law: A legal tradition in which judicial decisions are a major source of law, alongside legislation. Common-law systems generally lack a single comprehensive private-law code.
Legal codification: The systematic arrangement of legal rules into an authoritative written code. Civil codes are a major form of codification, consolidating rules into a planned system.
Law of obligations: The branch of private law governing duties arising from contracts, wrongdoing, and other legal sources. Obligations are a central subject in many civil codes.
Roman law: The legal system developed in ancient Rome and transmitted through later European legal traditions. Roman concepts supplied enduring foundations for many civil codes.
Case law: Law established through judicial decisions interpreting statutes and resolving disputes. Civil codes state general rules, while case law develops through decisions in individual cases.
Napoleonic Code: The common name for France's Civil Code of 1804, associated with Napoleonic rule. Its dissemination helped carry the French model into other jurisdictions.
Property law: The body of law governing ownership, possession, and other rights in things. Civil codes commonly define property rights and how they are acquired or transferred.
French Civil Code: The French national civil code enacted in 1804, now known as the Code civil. It became a highly influential model for national civil codification.

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