Knowra Civil law Civil law Civil law governs disputes and obligations between private parties, including individuals and organizations, and sometimes disputes involving governments. It is distinct from criminal law, which prosecutes offenses against the state.
Civil procedure : The rules governing how civil cases are filed, litigated, and decided in court. It structures the process through which civil rights and obligations are enforced.
Contract law : The law governing agreements, including their formation, interpretation, performance, and breach. It resolves disputes over promises and agreements between parties.
Pleading : A formal court document stating a party’s claims, defenses, or responses in a lawsuit. The complaint and answer define the issues the civil court must resolve.
Criminal law : The body of law defining offenses against the state and prescribing public prosecution and punishment. It distinguishes public punishment for offenses from remedies in private disputes.
Compensatory damages : Money awarded to cover losses caused by another party’s legally wrongful conduct. They aim to place an injured claimant, as far as money can, in the position before the harm.
Substantive law : Law that defines rights, duties, offenses, and liabilities rather than court procedures. It supplies the rights and duties that civil cases ask courts to apply.
Tort law : The law governing civil wrongs that cause harm and may create liability for damages. It provides claims for injuries caused by wrongful conduct outside contractual duties.
Discovery (law) : The pretrial process for exchanging information and evidence between opposing parties. Discovery lets civil litigants obtain relevant evidence held by their opponents.
Common law : A legal tradition in which judicial decisions form a major source of law alongside legislation. It is often contrasted with civil-law legal systems, though it also governs civil disputes.
Injunction : A court order requiring a party to do something or stop doing something. Courts use injunctions when monetary compensation alone cannot adequately address a civil wrong.
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