Cloning vector

A DNA molecule engineered to carry a foreign DNA fragment into a host cell, where the fragment can be replicated. It provides the sequences needed for propagation and selection.

Origin of replication: A DNA sequence that enables replication to begin at a specific site. It lets the vector replicate inside its host cell.
Restriction enzyme: An enzyme that recognizes particular DNA sequences and cleaves DNA at or near them. Matching restriction sites can create compatible vector and insert ends.
Plasmid cloning vector: A plasmid engineered to replicate and carry inserted DNA in a host cell. It is the standard choice for cloning many relatively small DNA fragments.
Shuttle vector: A vector engineered to replicate in two or more host species. It adds cross-host propagation to the usual cloning-vector function.
Selectable marker: A gene or sequence that allows cells carrying a genetic construct to be distinguished or selected. It helps identify host cells that received the vector.
DNA ligase: An enzyme that joins DNA strands by forming phosphodiester bonds. It seals the inserted fragment into the vector backbone.
Bacteriophage lambda vector: A cloning vector derived from bacteriophage lambda, used to carry DNA into bacterial hosts. Its packaging system supports cloning inserts larger than typical plasmids accommodate.
Viral vector: A modified virus used to deliver genetic material into cells. It specializes in delivery, especially into eukaryotic cells, rather than routine DNA cloning.
Multiple cloning site: A short DNA region containing several unique restriction-enzyme recognition sites. Its clustered sites provide convenient locations for inserting foreign DNA.
Recombinant DNA: DNA formed by joining genetic material from different sources. A vector carrying a foreign fragment is a recombinant DNA molecule.

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