Clubfoot

Clubfoot is a congenital deformity in which one or both feet turn inward and downward. It commonly includes a high arch and a shortened Achilles tendon.

Talipes equinovarus: A form of clubfoot marked by inward turning and downward pointing of the foot. This is the medical name for the common structural pattern described as clubfoot.
Prenatal ultrasonography: Medical imaging that uses sound waves to examine a fetus during pregnancy. It can detect a suspected clubfoot before birth, though examination after birth confirms the diagnosis.
Congenital anomaly: A structural or functional difference that is present at birth. Clubfoot is a congenital anomaly affecting the shape and position of the foot.
Metatarsus adductus: A foot deformity in which the forefoot curves inward relative to the hindfoot. It can resemble clubfoot but usually lacks the same hindfoot and ankle involvement.
Congenital talipes equinovarus epidemiology: The study of how often congenital talipes equinovarus occurs and how it is distributed in populations. Incidence patterns show how frequently clubfoot occurs and how rates differ across populations.
Equinus deformity: A condition in which the ankle has limited upward flexion, leaving the foot pointed downward. A shortened Achilles tendon contributes to the downward-pointing position in clubfoot.
Newborn physical examination: A clinical assessment of a newborn’s body and function shortly after birth. Clubfoot is usually identified by examining the position and flexibility of the newborn’s feet.
Embryonic development of the limbs: The processes through which the arms and legs form during embryonic growth. Clubfoot arises from altered foot development before birth.
Calcaneovalgus foot: A newborn foot position with the foot angled upward and outward. Its upward, outward position contrasts with clubfoot’s downward, inward position.
Mobility impairment: Difficulty moving or performing activities that require physical movement. Untreated or severe clubfoot can interfere with standing and walking.

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