Coandă effect

The tendency of a fluid jet to attach to and follow a nearby surface, including a curved one. Entrainment can lower pressure between the jet and surface, helping keep the jet attached.

Fluid entrainment: The process by which a moving fluid draws surrounding fluid into its flow. A jet draws in nearby air, helping create the pressure difference that pulls it toward a surface.
Circulation control wing: An aircraft wing that uses a high-speed jet over a rounded trailing edge to increase circulation and lift. Its trailing-edge jet follows the curved surface, changing the wing's lift.
Henri Coandă: A Romanian inventor and aeronautical engineer associated with early jet-aircraft experiments and the effect named after him. His observations of a deflected exhaust stream gave the phenomenon its name.
Venturi effect: The pressure decrease that occurs as a fluid speeds up through a constricted passage. Both involve pressure and flow speed, but the Venturi effect comes from a constriction, not jet attachment.
Boundary layer: A thin region near a surface where fluid motion is strongly affected by viscosity and the no-slip condition. The surface boundary layer shapes how an attached jet develops and whether it separates.
Coandă nozzle: A nozzle arrangement that directs a fluid jet along a nearby surface through the Coandă effect. It turns the surface-following tendency into a means of steering flow.
Coandă-1910: An experimental aircraft built by Henri Coandă and exhibited in 1910, powered by a ducted fan and combustion chamber. The aircraft's exhaust interaction with its fuselage became central to the effect's origin story.
Bernoulli's principle: A relation among pressure, speed, and elevation for steady flow under specified assumptions. It is often invoked to explain the effect, but entrainment and viscous flow also matter.
Flow separation: The detachment of fluid flow from a surface when it can no longer follow the surface contour. Separation marks the failure of the surface-following behavior described by the Coandă effect.
Fluidic amplifier: A device that controls a large fluid flow using a smaller control flow, without moving mechanical parts. Some designs use jet attachment and switching to redirect the main stream.

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