Coffee (beverage)

Coffee is a drink made by extracting compounds from roasted coffee seeds with water. Its flavor and strength vary with the beans, roast, grind, and brewing method.

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Coffee bean: A coffee seed, usually roasted and ground to prepare coffee. Its variety and processing establish the drink’s raw material.
Espresso: A concentrated coffee beverage made by forcing hot water through finely ground coffee under pressure. High-pressure extraction produces a concentrated drink and a layer of crema.
Cappuccino: An espresso-based drink made with steamed milk and milk foam. It combines espresso with a characteristic balance of milk and foam.
Coffee history: The history of coffee cultivation, trade, preparation, and consumption. It traces the drink’s emergence and spread across societies.
Caffeine dependence: A pattern of regular caffeine use that can produce withdrawal symptoms when intake stops. Regular coffee consumption can lead to physical dependence on caffeine.
Coffee roasting: The heating of green coffee seeds to develop their color, aroma, and flavor. Roasting creates many of the aromas and flavors associated with brewed coffee.
Pour-over coffee: Coffee brewed by pouring hot water through grounds held in a filter. Its flow and pour pattern shape extraction in a simple filter-brewing method.
Caffè latte: An espresso-based drink containing steamed milk and a small amount of milk foam. Its larger proportion of steamed milk softens espresso’s intensity.
Ethiopia: A country in the Horn of Africa and the native range of Coffea arabica. Arabica coffee originated in this region before becoming a global crop.
Coffee and health: The study of associations between coffee consumption and health outcomes. Research examines both benefits and risks linked to drinking coffee.