Colobinae

Colobinae is a subfamily of Old World monkeys that includes colobus monkeys, langurs, and related primates. Many species specialize in eating leaves, supported by complex, multi-chambered stomachs.

Old World monkeys: A primate group native to Africa and Asia, including monkeys such as baboons, macaques, and colobines. Colobines are one of the two major living subfamilies of Old World monkeys.
Leaf-eating: A feeding strategy in which leaves form a substantial part of an animal’s diet. Leaf consumption is widespread in Colobinae and shapes its digestive and behavioral adaptations.
Black-and-white colobus: A group of African colobus monkeys in the genus Colobus, marked by contrasting dark and pale fur. These arboreal African colobines illustrate the subfamily’s familiar colobus form.
Victoriapithecidae: An extinct family of Old World monkeys known chiefly from fossils in Africa. Its fossils help illuminate the early evolutionary history of cercopithecoid monkeys.
Habitat fragmentation: The division of continuous habitat into smaller, isolated patches. Fragmented forests restrict movement and isolate many colobine populations.
Cercopithecidae: The family of Old World monkeys, comprising the subfamilies Cercopithecinae and Colobinae. This family-level grouping places Colobinae within the Old World monkey lineage.
Microbial fermentation: The breakdown of organic compounds by microorganisms, producing substances that can be used by a host. Gut microbes ferment plant fiber in colobines’ enlarged stomach chambers.
Red colobus: A group of African leaf-eating monkeys in the genus Piliocolobus. Red colobus are a distinct African radiation, many species of which face severe conservation pressures.
Mesopithecus: An extinct Eurasian colobine genus known from Miocene and Pliocene fossils. Fossils of Mesopithecus document early colobine dispersal and diversity beyond Africa.
Bushmeat: Wild animal meat hunted for human consumption, especially in tropical regions. Hunting for bushmeat has reduced populations of several colobine species.

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