Knowra Colombia Colombia Colombia is a country in northwestern South America, bordered by the Caribbean Sea, the Pacific Ocean, Panama, Venezuela, Brazil, Peru, and Ecuador. Its territory spans Andean highlands, Amazon rainforest, and Caribbean and Pacific coasts.
Andes : A mountain range running along the western edge of South America. The Colombian Andes divide the country into distinct highland regions and shape settlement and transport.
Spanish colonization of the Americas : Spain’s conquest, settlement, and rule across much of the Americas from the late fifteenth century onward. Spanish rule established colonial institutions and language in the territory that became Colombia.
Muisca : An Indigenous people whose historic homeland included the Bogotá plateau and surrounding highlands. Muisca societies occupied the region where Colombia’s capital and central institutions later developed.
La Violencia : A period of intense partisan violence in Colombia, conventionally dated from 1948 to the late 1950s. It exposed deep political divisions and preceded the formation of major guerrilla movements.
Colombian coffee : Coffee grown in Colombia, especially in the mountainous Coffee Cultural Landscape of the central Andes. Coffee is a major export and a defining feature of rural economies and national identity.
Amazon rainforest : The vast tropical forest basin spanning parts of nine South American countries. It covers Colombia’s southeastern lowlands and connects the country to Amazonian ecosystems.
Viceroyalty of New Granada : A Spanish colonial administrative unit established in northern South America, centered on Bogotá. Its jurisdiction formed a major predecessor to Colombia’s republican institutions.
Wayuu : An Indigenous people living mainly in the Guajira Peninsula of Colombia and Venezuela. The Wayuu illustrate Colombia’s cross-border Indigenous cultures and Caribbean diversity.
Colombian armed conflict : A decades-long conflict involving the Colombian state, guerrilla groups, paramilitaries, and criminal organizations. It is the broader struggle that links insurgency, state violence, displacement, and peace negotiations.
Coffee Cultural Landscape of Colombia : A UNESCO-listed cultural landscape of coffee farms and towns in Colombia’s central Andes. It shows how cultivation, settlement, and mountain geography developed together.
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