Colombian War of Independence

The conflict in which New Granada broke from Spanish rule between 1810 and 1819, culminating in the creation of an independent republic.

Bogotá uprising of 1810: A political uprising in Bogotá on 20 July 1810 that helped initiate New Granada’s break with Spanish authority. It marks the opening of the revolutionary process that became the war.
Simón Bolívar: A Venezuelan military and political leader who led independence campaigns across northern South America. His campaigns helped defeat royalist forces and unite liberated territories.
Peninsular War: The 1808–1814 conflict in which Spain and its allies fought Napoleon’s occupation of the Iberian Peninsula. The crisis of Spanish authority overseas began with Napoleon’s intervention in Spain.
Gran Colombia: A republic established in 1819 that united territories now belonging chiefly to Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Panama. The independence victory produced a state larger than New Granada alone.
Royalism in Spanish America: Political and military loyalty to the Spanish monarchy among people and institutions in the Americas. Royalist forces included American-born supporters, not only troops sent from Spain.
Patria Boba: The period of political division among New Granada’s revolutionary provinces, conventionally dated 1810–1816. Rival governments weakened the insurgent cause before Spain’s reconquest.
Francisco de Paula Santander: A New Granadan general and statesman who helped organize republican armies and government. He organized forces and administration in the independence movement’s New Granadan heartland.
Junta movement in Spanish America: The formation of local governing juntas in Spanish America during the crisis of the Spanish monarchy after 1808. New Granada’s juntas belonged to a wider response to contested royal authority.
Republic of Colombia: The sovereign state in northwestern South America that emerged from Gran Colombia’s dissolution in 1831. It inherited the New Granadan core of the independence-era republic.
Federalism in New Granada: A revolutionary political program that sought strong autonomy for New Granada’s provinces. Its clashes with centralist projects fractured the independence coalition.

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