Color space

A mathematical model that represents colors as points in a coordinate system. Different color spaces organize color according to different devices, measurements, or perceptual goals.

Color model: An abstract system for describing colors using components or parameters. A color space gives coordinates to the colors described by a color model.
RGB color model: An additive color model that represents colors through red, green, and blue components. RGB spaces encode colors using three channels, with primaries and transfer functions specified by each space.
sRGB: A standard RGB color space designed for common computer displays and the web. Its defined primaries and transfer function make it a widely supported exchange space.
HSL and HSV: Cylindrical transformations of RGB values that describe hue, saturation, and lightness or value. These intuitive coordinates are convenient for selection but are not perceptually uniform.
Color gamut: The range of colors that a device or color system can represent or reproduce. A space’s gamut determines which colors its coordinates can represent.
CIELAB color space: A color space designed to represent colors in lightness and two opponent-color dimensions. CIELAB provides coordinates intended to track perceived differences more evenly than device RGB.
Display P3: A wide-gamut RGB color space used by many modern displays and digital workflows. Its larger gamut can represent more saturated colors than sRGB on capable displays.
Munsell color system: A color-order system arranged by hue, value, and chroma using perceptual judgments. Its perceptual organization contrasts with spaces defined chiefly by device signals or color-matching data.
Chromaticity: The quality of color independent of its intensity or brightness. Chromaticity diagrams represent color-space coordinates while separating out brightness.
Color space conversion: The transformation of color values from one coordinate system to another. Conversion is needed when images move between spaces with different primaries, white points, or encoding.

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