Common wheat

Common wheat (Triticum aestivum) is a hexaploid cereal grass widely cultivated for grain. Its gluten-forming proteins make it especially suitable for bread and many other foods.

Triticum: Triticum is a genus of grasses that includes cultivated wheat species and their wild relatives. Common wheat is the genus’s leading cultivated species.
Wheat domestication: Wheat domestication is the prehistoric transformation of wild wheat grasses into crops harvested and replanted by people. It established the agricultural lineage from which common wheat eventually arose.
Bread: Bread is a staple food made by baking dough, commonly dough leavened by yeast or another gas-producing agent. Common wheat flour is the principal flour for many risen breads.
Durum wheat: Durum wheat (Triticum durum) is a tetraploid wheat cultivated mainly for semolina and pasta. It is the major cultivated wheat counterpart, favored for pasta rather than leavened bread.
Hexaploid: A hexaploid organism has six complete sets of chromosomes in each cell. Common wheat’s three ancestral genomes together give it six chromosome sets.
Emmer wheat: Emmer wheat is an ancient hulled wheat species, Triticum dicoccum, cultivated since the Neolithic. Emmer contributed one ancestral genome to common wheat through an ancient hybridization.
Pasta: Pasta is a food made from dough shaped into forms and cooked, traditionally using durum wheat semolina. Durum wheat is often preferred for pasta, unlike common wheat’s dominance in bread.
Einkorn wheat: Einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum) is an ancient diploid wheat with one genome from wheat’s ancestral lineage. Its simpler genome contrasts with common wheat’s six chromosome sets.
Wheat kernel: A wheat kernel is the dry fruit of a wheat plant, containing an embryo, starchy endosperm, and outer bran layers. Its endosperm supplies most of the flour milled from common wheat.
Aegilops tauschii: Aegilops tauschii is a wild grass native to Eurasia and the donor of wheat’s D genome. Its hybridization with cultivated tetraploid wheat produced the hexaploid lineage.

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