Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor

Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) is a circuit technology that pairs p-channel and n-channel field-effect transistors. Its complementary switching enables low static power consumption in digital logic.

MOSFET: A metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor controls current through an electric field. CMOS circuits are built from MOSFETs with complementary channel types.
P-type semiconductor: A semiconductor doped to provide holes as its majority charge carriers. P-type regions form the bodies and channels relevant to p-channel devices.
Mohamed M. Atalla: An Egyptian-American engineer whose work at Bell Labs advanced silicon surfaces and MOS technology. His surface-passivation work helped make MOS transistors manufacturable.
Microprocessor: An integrated circuit that executes instructions and performs general-purpose computation. Modern microprocessors implement dense logic using CMOS transistors.
Bipolar junction transistor: A transistor that controls current through interactions between two types of charge carriers. Bipolar circuits can offer high speed or drive, but generally consume more static power.
CMOS inverter: A logic gate that uses one p-channel and one n-channel MOSFET to invert an input signal. It is the simplest circuit demonstrating complementary switching.
N-type semiconductor: A semiconductor doped to provide electrons as its majority charge carriers. N-type regions enable the electron conduction used by n-channel devices.
Dawon Kahng: A Korean-American engineer who co-invented the MOSFET with Mohamed M. Atalla at Bell Labs. The MOSFET became the device foundation from which CMOS circuits were built.
Static random-access memory: A volatile memory that stores each bit in a bistable circuit, commonly a six-transistor cell. CMOS SRAM cells combine fast access with stable storage while powered.
TTL logic: A digital logic family built primarily from bipolar junction transistors. TTL was a common alternative to CMOS before CMOS dominated general-purpose logic.

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