Composting toilet

A toilet that processes human excreta through controlled biological decomposition, usually with little or no water. Its system manages airflow, moisture, and solids to produce a stabilized material for appropriate handling.

Aerobic decomposition: The breakdown of organic matter by microorganisms that use oxygen. Many composting toilets promote oxygen exposure to limit odors and support decomposition.
Composting: The managed biological decomposition of organic matter into a more stable material. It is the central process used to treat solids in these toilets.
Off-grid sanitation: Sanitation systems designed to operate without centralized water or sewer networks. Composting toilets can serve sites lacking those networks.
Flush toilet: A toilet that uses water to carry excreta through a drainage system. Its water-based transport differs from the low-water processing typical of composting toilets.
Vermicomposting: The use of earthworms and microorganisms to decompose organic waste. Some systems use worms to help process toilet solids.
Feces: The solid waste discharged from the digestive tract. Feces supply much of the organic matter and pathogens requiring treatment.
Ecological sanitation: Sanitation approaches that seek to protect health while recovering nutrients and resources. Composting toilets can support nutrient recovery when treatment and reuse are safe.
Incinerating toilet: A toilet that uses heat to reduce excreta to ash. It treats waste by combustion rather than biological decomposition.
Urine diversion: The separate collection of urine and feces at the point of use. Separating liquids can reduce excess moisture in the solids chamber.
Urine: Liquid waste excreted by the kidneys. Urine contributes nutrients and moisture, so systems may retain or divert it.

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