Computer art

Computer art is visual or time-based art made with computers. The term often highlights early experiments that used algorithms, plotters, or digital displays as artistic media.

Ben Laposky: An American artist who used an oscilloscope to create abstract electronic images beginning in the early 1950s. His oscilloscope images preceded many experiments that used digital computers.
Algorithmic art: Art whose forms are generated or governed by explicit procedures or algorithms. Many early computer artworks translated an artist's rules into repeated calculations.
Computer animation: Moving images created or manipulated through computer-generated visual data. Animation extended computational image-making from static plots into sequences unfolding over time.
Computer-assisted art: Art in which computers support parts of the process while human decisions govern the work's form. The distinction asks whether the computer generates the image or mainly serves as a tool.
Software art: Art that treats software, source code, or computational processes as artistic material. Later artists made the program itself, rather than only its output, a visible artwork.
Georg Nees: A German mathematician and artist whose computer-generated drawings were exhibited in Stuttgart in 1965. His 1965 exhibition helped establish computer graphics as an artistic practice.
Computer graphics: The generation, manipulation, and display of visual information using computers. Computer art draws on graphics techniques developed for both artistic and technical purposes.
Digital art: Art made or presented using digital technology as a central medium or material. Computer art is an early and continuing strand within the wider practice of digital art.
Op art: An abstract art movement using optical effects, pattern, and perceptual ambiguity. Op art achieved striking visual complexity through manual methods rather than computation.
Net art: Art created for or shaped by computer networks, especially the internet. Networked art extended computational practice from isolated machines to connected environments.

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