Computer hardware

Computer hardware is the physical equipment in a computer system, including components that process, store, transmit, and present information.

Central processing unit: The processor that executes instructions and coordinates operations in a computer. It performs general-purpose instruction processing at the center of many computer systems.
Motherboard: The main circuit board that connects a computer’s processor, memory, storage, and peripheral interfaces. It provides the physical connections and pathways that let core components cooperate.
Graphics processing unit: A processor designed for parallel computation, commonly used to render graphics and accelerate data-intensive workloads. Its parallel design makes it useful for graphics, machine learning, and scientific computing.
Computer software: Programs and data that instruct computer hardware to perform tasks. Software supplies instructions; hardware is the physical equipment that executes them.
Random-access memory: Volatile memory that stores data and instructions for rapid access by a computer’s processor. It holds the active programs and data the processor needs quickly.
Computer architecture: The organization and behavior of a computer system’s instruction set, processing units, memory, and input and output. Hardware implements architectural choices about how instructions and data are handled.
Application-specific integrated circuit: An integrated circuit designed for a particular application or narrowly defined set of tasks. Special-purpose hardware can improve efficiency when workloads are predictable and repeated.
Operating system: System software that manages computer resources and provides services to applications. It coordinates hardware use through software rather than being a physical component.
Computer data storage: The retention of digital information on devices such as solid-state drives and hard disk drives. Storage preserves programs and files when a computer is powered off.
Peripheral Component Interconnect Express: A high-speed serial interface standard connecting computers to devices such as graphics cards and solid-state drives. It carries data between the processor or chipset and high-throughput expansion devices.

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