Conclusion

A conclusion is the statement an argument aims to establish from its premises. It is supported by reasons rather than offered as a premise.

Premise: A premise is a statement offered as a reason supporting an argument’s conclusion. A conclusion’s support consists of premises.
Logical consequence: A statement is a logical consequence of premises when no interpretation makes the premises true and the statement false. It describes the strict support relation between premises and conclusion.
Claim: A claim is an assertion presented as true or worthy of consideration. A conclusion is a claim with a specific role in an argument.
Critical thinking: Critical thinking is the disciplined evaluation of claims, reasons, evidence, and assumptions. Identifying the conclusion is a first step in evaluating an argument.
Paradox: A paradox is a seemingly contradictory result or claim that challenges ordinary reasoning or assumptions. Paradoxes can expose tension between accepted premises and their apparent conclusions.
Inference: Inference is the process of drawing a conclusion from premises or other evidence. It is the reasoning step that connects premises to a conclusion.
Validity: An argument is valid when its conclusion must be true if all its premises are true. Validity tests whether the premises guarantee the conclusion.
Thesis statement: A thesis statement expresses the central position an essay or other work develops. It often functions as an essay’s conclusion, but need not be an argument’s inferred result.
Syllogism: A syllogism is a deductive argument with two premises and a conclusion. Its compact form makes the conclusion’s dependence on premises explicit.
Underdetermination: Underdetermination occurs when the available evidence supports multiple incompatible explanations or conclusions. The same premises may leave several competing conclusions open.

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