Condom

A thin barrier worn over the penis or inside the vagina during sex. It reduces the chances of pregnancy and transmission of sexually transmitted infections by limiting contact with semen and genital fluids.

Barrier contraception: Pregnancy prevention methods that physically block sperm from reaching an egg. Condoms are a widely used barrier method that also helps reduce STI transmission.
External condom: A sheath worn over the penis during sex, usually made from latex or another flexible material. This is the most familiar condom design and the form commonly meant by the unqualified term.
Contraception: Methods used to prevent pregnancy. Condoms are distinctive among contraceptives because they can also reduce STI transmission.
Charles Goodyear: An American inventor who developed the vulcanization process for rubber in the nineteenth century. Vulcanized rubber enabled durable reusable condoms before modern disposable designs.
Latex allergy: An immune reaction to proteins in natural rubber latex. Latex sensitivity can make common condoms unsuitable, prompting use of nonlatex materials.
Internal condom: A pouch inserted into the vagina or anus before sex to provide a physical barrier. It offers a condom option that can be inserted before sex and does not require wearing on the penis.
Sexually transmitted infection prevention: Practices and interventions that reduce the spread of infections transmitted through sexual contact. Condoms are a central physical-barrier method, though they do not eliminate all transmission risk.
Vulcanization: A chemical process that improves rubber’s strength and elasticity, commonly using sulfur and heat. It made rubber condoms more practical and durable in the nineteenth century.
Nonoxynol-9: A chemical spermicide that damages sperm and can irritate genital tissues. Some condoms contain it, but irritation and frequent use can increase HIV susceptibility.
Dental dam: A thin sheet placed over the vulva or anus during oral sex to reduce contact with bodily fluids. It adapts barrier protection to oral sex, where a standard condom may not cover the exposed area.

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