Confederate States Army

The land forces of the Confederate States during the American Civil War, organized from state units and Confederate national forces between 1861 and 1865.

Confederate States Army organization: The command structure and administrative system through which Confederate land forces were organized and directed. Shows how national armies, departments, and state units fitted together.
Secession in the United States: The withdrawal of eleven Southern states from the United States between 1860 and 1861. Secession created the new government that raised Confederate forces.
Robert E. Lee: A Confederate general who commanded the Army of Northern Virginia and later all Confederate armies. His leadership made him the Confederacy's most prominent army commander.
First Battle of Bull Run: The July 1861 battle in Virginia, the first major land battle of the American Civil War. The Confederate victory helped turn early expectations into a prolonged war.
Union Army: The land forces of the United States during the American Civil War. Its resources, institutions, and strategic aims opposed those of Confederate armies.
Confederate States Army ranks and insignia: The officer and enlisted ranks, uniforms, and badges used by Confederate land forces. Explains how authority and status were displayed within its units.
Confederate States of America: The government formed by seceding Southern states that fought the United States from 1861 to 1865. The army was the Confederacy's principal land military institution.
Thomas J. Jackson: A Confederate general known as Stonewall Jackson, who commanded forces in the eastern theater until his death in 1863. His Valley Campaign and battlefield leadership became central to Confederate military memory.
Battle of Antietam: The September 1862 battle in Maryland, the bloodiest single day in American military history. Lee's invasion of the North ended there without a decisive Confederate victory.
Confederate States Navy: The naval service of the Confederate States during the American Civil War. It pursued maritime warfare rather than the army's land campaigns.

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