Confucianism in Vietnam

Confucianism in Vietnam is the reception and adaptation of Confucian ethics, learning, and political thought in Vietnamese society and government, especially through education and the civil service.

Chinese rule in Vietnam: Periods of Chinese imperial control over parts of Vietnam, lasting intermittently from 111 BCE to 939 CE. Chinese administration and education transmitted Confucian texts and institutions into Vietnam.
Mandarin examinations in Vietnam: State examinations in classical Chinese that selected educated men for government service in Vietnam. They converted mastery of Confucian texts and literary skills into eligibility for office.
Vietnamese Confucian family ethics: Family norms in Vietnam shaped by Confucian ideals of hierarchy, filial duty, and reciprocal obligations. Confucian ethics extended beyond government into household authority and everyday conduct.
Vietnamese Buddhism: The traditions of Buddhist belief and practice that developed in Vietnam through interaction with local and regional cultures. Buddhist institutions and values coexisted with Confucian state ideals and family ethics.
Vietnamese historiography: The writing and interpretation of Vietnam’s past by historians and historical institutions. Confucian scholars shaped dynastic histories and the standards by which rulers were judged.
Ngô Quyền: A Vietnamese military leader who ended the long period of Chinese rule with victory at the Battle of Bạch Đằng in 938. His victory established the independent political setting in which Vietnamese rulers later developed Confucian institutions.
Vietnamese civil service: The institutions and officials responsible for administering Vietnamese states across successive dynasties. Confucian education supplied the ideals and credentials of much premodern bureaucratic service.
Filial piety: The ethical duty to respect, care for, and honor one’s parents and ancestors. Vietnamese Confucian teaching made duties to parents a foundation of moral and social order.
Vietnamese Taoism: Vietnamese forms of Taoist religion and thought, shaped by Chinese traditions and local practices. Taoist practices shared cultural space with Confucian learning without serving the same bureaucratic role.
National examination system of Vietnam: The Vietnamese imperial system of examinations for selecting officials, abolished in 1919 under the Nguyễn dynasty. Its abolition ended a long-standing institutional expression of Confucian learning.

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