Conquest of Mecca

The Muslim takeover of Mecca in 630 CE, led by Muhammad, ended the Quraysh’s control of the city and was followed by the Kaaba’s dedication to Islamic worship.

Treaty of Hudaybiyyah: A 628 CE agreement between Muhammad and the Quraysh that established a truce and allowed a period of peace between them. The Quraysh’s allies attacked a tribe allied with Muhammad, violating the truce and prompting his march on Mecca.
Muhammad: The religious and political leader who founded Islam and led the early Muslim community. He commanded the expedition and directed the settlement of Mecca after its surrender.
Kaaba: A cuboid sanctuary at the center of the Grand Mosque in Mecca, toward which Muslims pray. After Mecca’s surrender, the Kaaba was cleared of idols and dedicated to Islamic worship.
Conquest of Mecca's surrender: The capitulation of Mecca to Muhammad’s forces in 630 CE, with limited organized resistance. The surrender was the campaign’s decisive outcome and preceded Muhammad’s entry into the city.
Banu Bakr: An Arab tribe that allied with the Quraysh and fought the Khuza'a during the truce established at Hudaybiyyah. Its attack on the Khuza'a helped trigger the treaty’s collapse.
Abu Qubays: A mountain overlooking Mecca, located east of the Grand Mosque. Accounts describe Muhammad displaying fires near Mecca to impress the Quraysh with the approaching force.
Meccan sanctuary: The sacred precinct centered on the Kaaba in Mecca, recognized in pre-Islamic Arabia and Islam. The takeover changed the sanctuary’s rites and religious authority without displacing its central location.
Conquest of Mecca's entry into the city: Muhammad’s entry into Mecca with his followers after the city capitulated in 630 CE. The entry marked the transfer of authority and the beginning of the sanctuary’s reordering.
Khuza'a: An Arab tribe allied with Muhammad that was attacked by the Banu Bakr during the Hudaybiyyah truce. Its appeal for aid brought the treaty violation directly to Muhammad.
Khalid ibn al-Walid: A seventh-century Arab military commander who served the Quraysh before joining Muhammad’s forces. His column entered Mecca through one of the routes assigned to the Muslim army.

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