Conrad IV of Germany

Conrad IV was a Hohenstaufen ruler who held the crowns of Germany and Sicily and was emperor-elect of the Holy Roman Empire from 1250 until his death in 1254.

Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor: Frederick II was a Hohenstaufen emperor whose rule spanned the Holy Roman Empire and the Kingdom of Sicily. Conrad inherited his German and Sicilian crowns from his father.
Election of Conrad IV as King of the Romans: The 1237 election made Conrad IV King of the Romans, establishing his claim to rule in Germany. It gave Conrad a German kingship before his father's death.
Siege of Parma: The Siege of Parma was a 1247–1248 conflict in which papal forces defeated Frederick II's besieging army. The defeat weakened the Hohenstaufen position before Conrad ruled independently.
Great Interregnum: The Great Interregnum was the period of disputed royal authority in Germany from 1254 to 1273. Conrad's death in 1254 opened a prolonged contest over the German crown.
Hohenstaufen dynasty: The Hohenstaufen dynasty was a medieval German royal house that supplied rulers of the Holy Roman Empire and Sicily. Conrad's claims and political struggles grew from this dynasty's ambitions.
Papal–imperial conflict: Papal–imperial conflict was the prolonged struggle between popes and Holy Roman emperors over authority and territory. Papal opposition undermined Conrad's authority and obstructed his imperial succession.
Battle of Cortenuova: The Battle of Cortenuova was a 1237 Hohenstaufen victory over the Lombard League in northern Italy. Its aftermath helped secure Conrad's election as King of the Romans.
Battle of Tagliacozzo: The Battle of Tagliacozzo was a 1268 victory by Charles of Anjou over Conradin's forces in Italy. Its outcome ended Conrad's son's attempt to reclaim the Hohenstaufen inheritance.
Isabella II of Jerusalem: Isabella II was queen of Jerusalem and Conrad IV's mother. Her marriage to Frederick II made Conrad heir to a maternal claim on Jerusalem.
Innocent IV: Innocent IV was pope from 1243 to 1254 and a leading opponent of Frederick II and Conrad IV. He excommunicated Conrad and supported rival claims to German kingship.

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