Constitution of Bangladesh

The supreme law of Bangladesh, adopted in 1972, that establishes the state’s institutions, fundamental rights, and governing principles.

Constitutional supremacy: The principle that a constitution is the highest source of legal authority within a state. Bangladesh’s constitution sets the standard against which laws and government actions are judged.
Bangladesh Liberation War: The 1971 war that led to the independence of Bangladesh from Pakistan. Independence created the need for a sovereign state’s own constitutional order.
Constitutional amendment in Bangladesh: The formal process for changing Bangladesh’s constitution, principally through legislation requiring a two-thirds parliamentary majority. Amendments have altered the constitution’s political structure and core provisions.
Secularism in Bangladesh: A constitutional principle in Bangladesh concerning the separation of religion from political authority and opposition to communalism. Secularism was one of the 1972 constitution’s four original fundamental state principles and was later contested.
Basic structure doctrine in Bangladesh: The doctrine that certain foundational features of Bangladesh’s constitution cannot be destroyed by amendment. It limits Parliament’s amendment power and shaped rulings on major constitutional changes.
Fundamental rights in Bangladesh: The rights guaranteed by Bangladesh’s constitution, principally in Part III. These provisions define protections individuals can claim against state power.
Proclamation of Independence of Bangladesh: The declaration issued in 1971 that established the legal basis for Bangladesh’s independence and wartime government. It supplied an interim legal framework before the 1972 constitution took effect.
Fifth Amendment to the Constitution of Bangladesh: The 1979 amendment that validated changes made under martial law between 1975 and 1979. Its eventual invalidation became a major test of constitutional supremacy and retrospective validation.
State religion of Bangladesh: The constitutional designation of Islam as the state religion of Bangladesh, introduced in 1988. Its coexistence with secularism reflects competing constitutional commitments.
Eighth Amendment case: The 1989 Supreme Court of Bangladesh decision invalidating the creation of permanent High Court benches outside Dhaka. The ruling articulated the basic structure doctrine in Bangladesh.

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