Constitution

A constitution is the fundamental set of rules and principles that establishes a political system, distributes public authority, and constrains its exercise.

Constitutionalism: The principle that government authority should be limited by law and exercised under established rules. It names the commitment to governing through, and remaining bound by, constitutional rules.
Constitutional Court: A court with authority to decide whether laws or government actions comply with a constitution. Constitutional review gives courts a role in enforcing constitutional limits.
United States Constitution: The supreme law of the United States, adopted in 1787 and in force since 1789. It establishes a federal republic with separated branches and an amendment process.
Codified Constitution: A constitution gathered into a single authoritative written document or set of documents. It contrasts with systems whose constitutional rules come from multiple sources.
Separation of Powers: The division of government responsibilities among distinct branches to prevent excessive concentration of authority. Constitutions often divide authority among legislative, executive, and judicial branches.
Judicial Review: The power of a court to assess the legality or constitutionality of government action. It is one way constitutional rules can constrain legislation and executive decisions.
Constitution of India: The supreme law of India, which came into effect on 26 January 1950. It combines parliamentary government, federal features, and an extensive catalogue of rights.
Uncodified Constitution: A constitutional system whose rules are drawn from several sources rather than one consolidated document. It contrasts with constitutions collected into a single codified text.
Federalism: A system of government that divides authority between a central government and regional governments. A constitution can allocate governing powers between national and regional institutions.
Constitutional Amendment: A formal change to the text or legal provisions of a constitution. Amendment procedures allow constitutional rules to change without replacing the whole system.

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