Continuous glucose monitoring

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) uses a wearable sensor to estimate glucose levels from interstitial fluid repeatedly over time, showing trends and alerts rather than isolated measurements.

Glucose oxidase: An enzyme that catalyzes glucose oxidation and is widely used in electrochemical glucose sensors. Many CGM sensors use its reaction to produce an electrical signal related to glucose concentration.
Type 1 diabetes: An autoimmune disease in which destruction of pancreatic beta cells causes severe insulin deficiency. CGM can reveal glucose patterns and help manage insulin needs in this condition.
Blood glucose meter: A device that measures glucose in a blood sample, usually from a finger prick. It gives a point-in-time blood measurement, unlike CGM's repeated interstitial-fluid estimates.
Ambulatory glucose profile: A standardized report that summarizes glucose patterns across multiple days. CGM data are commonly condensed into this visual format for clinical review.
Continuous glucose monitoring in prediabetes: The use of CGM by people with blood glucose levels above normal but below the diabetes threshold. Evidence is still developing on whether CGM improves outcomes in this population.
Interstitial fluid: The fluid that surrounds tissue cells and exchanges substances with blood and lymph. CGM sensors sample glucose here rather than directly measuring blood glucose.
Insulin therapy: Treatment that supplies insulin to control blood glucose. CGM trends can inform insulin dosing and show how glucose responds afterward.
Flash glucose monitoring: A glucose-monitoring method in which a reader scans a wearable sensor to obtain current and recent readings. It shares sensor-based measurement with CGM but traditionally requires a scan rather than automatic display.
Diabetes technology: Devices and software used to monitor or treat diabetes. CGM is a central monitoring technology within the broader toolkit for diabetes care.
Continuous glucose monitoring in type 2 diabetes: The use of CGM to monitor glucose in people with type 2 diabetes. Clinical value and cost-effectiveness vary across treatment regimens and patient groups.

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