Contract law

Contract law governs agreements that create legally enforceable obligations. It determines how contracts are formed, interpreted, performed, and remedied when breached.

Offer and acceptance: The exchange of a sufficiently definite offer and an unqualified acceptance that can form an agreement. This exchange is the usual route by which parties manifest agreement.
Contract interpretation: The process of determining the meaning and legal effect of contractual language and conduct. Courts use interpretation to resolve disagreements about what parties promised.
Promissory estoppel: A doctrine enforcing some promises when reliance makes it unjust to deny a remedy, despite absent contract formation. It can provide relief when consideration or another formation requirement is missing.
Sale of goods: A transaction transferring ownership of movable goods from a seller to a buyer. Goods transactions often follow specialized statutory rules, such as those in the U.S. Uniform Commercial Code.
Common law: A legal tradition in which judicial decisions and precedent are major sources of law. It shaped contract doctrines in England and jurisdictions influenced by English law.
Consideration: A bargained-for exchange of value required for many contracts under common law. It distinguishes enforceable bargains from many gratuitous promises.
Implied terms: Contract provisions supplied by law or inferred from circumstances rather than stated expressly. They fill gaps and can shape duties absent from the written text.
Tort law: The body of law governing civil wrongs that cause legally recognized harm outside contractual duties. A dispute may involve duties imposed independently of any agreement.
Employment contract: An agreement setting terms for work performed by an employee for an employer. It applies contract rules to pay, duties, duration, and workplace restrictions.
Roman law: The legal system developed in ancient Rome and later transmitted through European legal traditions. Its classifications and concepts influenced civil-law approaches to agreements.

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