Copper(II) hydroxide

Copper(II) hydroxide, Cu(OH)₂, is an insoluble blue solid composed of copper(II) ions and hydroxide ions. It forms in aqueous reactions between copper(II) salts and bases.

Precipitation reaction: A chemical reaction in solution that produces an insoluble solid from dissolved substances. Mixing soluble copper(II) salts with hydroxide ions precipitates this solid.
Copper(II) ion: The Cu²⁺ cation, in which copper has an oxidation state of +2. Each formula unit contains one copper(II) ion.
Bordeaux mixture: A fungicidal mixture traditionally made from copper sulfate and lime in water. It contains copper compounds formed from copper sulfate and lime, including copper hydroxide species.
Malachite: A green copper carbonate hydroxide mineral with formula Cu₂CO₃(OH)₂. Its structure contains hydroxide alongside carbonate, unlike pure copper(II) hydroxide.
Solubility product: An equilibrium constant describing the dissolution of a sparingly soluble ionic solid. Its low solubility product governs when copper(II) hydroxide begins to precipitate.
Hydroxide: The polyatomic anion OH⁻, consisting of one oxygen atom bonded to one hydrogen atom. Two hydroxide ions balance the +2 charge of each copper ion.
Fungicide: A substance used to kill fungi or inhibit their growth. Copper-based formulations use hydroxide-containing solids to suppress fungal disease.
Azurite: A deep-blue copper carbonate hydroxide mineral with formula Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂. Its vivid color and hydroxide content distinguish this related mineral from the simple hydroxide.
Copper(II) oxide: A black inorganic compound, CuO, containing copper in the +2 oxidation state. Heating this blue hydroxide removes water and produces black copper(II) oxide.
Ionic compound: A substance composed of cations and anions held together by electrostatic attraction. Its formula expresses the charge-balanced ratio of copper and hydroxide ions.

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