Corazon Aquino

Corazon Aquino was president of the Philippines from 1986 to 1992. She became the leading figure in the 1986 People Power Revolution, which ended Ferdinand Marcos’s rule and restored democratic government.

Benigno Aquino Jr.: A Filipino opposition leader and senator whose 1983 assassination helped ignite opposition to Ferdinand Marcos. His assassination transformed his widow into the opposition’s leading presidential candidate.
1987 Constitution of the Philippines: The Philippine constitution ratified in 1987, establishing the framework of the post-Marcos democratic republic. Aquino’s government oversaw the drafting and ratification of this constitutional framework.
Salvador Laurel: A Filipino politician who served as Corazon Aquino’s vice president and foreign secretary. He joined Aquino on the 1986 opposition ticket, though their political alliance later frayed.
Authoritarianism: A system of government that concentrates political power and restricts meaningful political competition and civil liberties. Marcos’s rule embodied the concentrated power Aquino’s democratic restoration opposed.
People Power Revolution: The largely nonviolent 1986 uprising that drove Ferdinand Marcos from power in the Philippines. Aquino’s electoral victory became the focal point of this uprising.
Land reform in the Philippines: Government efforts to redistribute agricultural land and change land tenure in the Philippines. Aquino’s administration launched a land reform program, constrained by political compromise and implementation problems.
Fidel V. Ramos: A Philippine military officer and politician who served as president from 1992 to 1998. Ramos supported Aquino during the transition and succeeded her in the presidency.
Democratic transition: The process through which a political system moves from authoritarian rule toward democratic government. Aquino’s presidency was the central transition from Marcos’s regime to constitutional democracy.
Ferdinand Marcos: The Philippine president who imposed martial law in 1972 and ruled until his removal in 1986. Aquino’s political rise centered on challenging his authoritarian rule.
Mendiola massacre: The 1987 killing of 13 farmers by security forces during a land-reform protest in Manila. The killings exposed the limits of Aquino’s response to demands for land redistribution.

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