Corinthian War

A Greek conflict fought from 395 to 387/386 BCE, in which Thebes, Corinth, Athens, and Argos joined forces against Sparta and its allies. It ended with the King’s Peace, which restored Spartan influence over the Greek mainland.

Battle of Haliartus: A battle in 395 BCE in which Theban forces defeated and killed the Spartan commander Lysander. Its outcome opened the war with a major Spartan defeat and the death of a leading commander.
Peloponnesian War: A war fought from 431 to 404 BCE between Athens and its allies and Sparta and its allies. Its end left Sparta dominant, setting up resistance to Spartan rule across Greece.
Lysander: A Spartan admiral who secured Sparta’s victory in the Peloponnesian War and remained influential afterward. His death at Haliartus removed a powerful Spartan leader at the war’s outset.
Autonomy decree: A political principle requiring Greek cities to remain independent from control by other Greek states. The King’s Peace invoked autonomy while giving Sparta power to dissolve leagues and enforce it.
Battle of Nemea: A land battle in 394 BCE in which Sparta defeated the allied Greek forces near the Nemea River. It showed that the coalition’s numerical strength did not prevent Spartan victories on land.
Spartan hegemony: The period of Spartan predominance in Greek affairs after Sparta’s victory in the Peloponnesian War. Spartan interventions and imposed governments helped drive former rivals into coalition.
Iphicrates: An Athenian general known for using peltasts and other light troops effectively in the fourth century BCE. His victory at Lechaeum demonstrated the tactical value of mobile infantry against Spartan hoplites.
Boeotian League: A federation of cities in Boeotia, traditionally led by Thebes. The King’s Peace’s autonomy terms constrained the league and weakened Theban regional power.
Battle of Coronea: A land battle in 394 BCE in which Agesilaus II’s Spartan-led army defeated the allied forces in Boeotia. Agesilaus’s victory secured a major Spartan success despite the coalition’s resistance.
Tissaphernes: A Persian satrap who governed parts of western Asia Minor during the late fifth and early fourth centuries BCE. His conflict with Sparta contributed to Persian hostility toward Sparta and support for its Greek enemies.

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