Corpus linguistics

Corpus linguistics studies language through systematically collected, searchable bodies of real-world written or spoken texts. It uses corpus evidence to examine patterns of language use.

Corpus: A systematically assembled collection of texts or speech samples used for analysis. Corpus linguistics takes this collection as its primary evidence.
Empirical linguistics: The study of language based on observable evidence and systematic analysis. Corpus linguistics is an empirical approach grounded in recorded language use.
Lexicography: The practice of compiling, editing, and studying dictionaries. Dictionary makers use corpus examples and frequencies to describe words in use.
Introspection (linguistics): The use of a speaker’s judgments about language to investigate linguistic structure or acceptability. It contrasts with relying primarily on naturally occurring corpus examples.
Concordance: A display of a word or phrase alongside its surrounding contexts in a text collection. Concordances expose recurring contexts and grammatical patterns in corpus data.
Register (sociolinguistics): A variety of language associated with a particular situation, purpose, or audience. Register distinctions guide the selection and comparison of corpus texts.
Language teaching: The practice of helping people learn a language through instruction and study. Corpus evidence informs teaching materials about common words and constructions.
Generative grammar: A family of linguistic theories that models the mental system generating grammatical sentences. Its focus on speaker knowledge differs from corpus linguistics’ emphasis on observed usage.
Collocation: The tendency of words to occur together more often than chance would predict. Corpus counts reveal associations such as strong tea and powerful argument.
Linguistic annotation: The labeling of language data with categories such as grammatical form or meaning. It enables corpus searches to target linguistic categories rather than exact strings.

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